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Research: CHLAPEK and COLLEAGUES,
Listed in Issue 291
Abstract
CHLAPEK and COLLEAGUES, 1 Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic. chlapek@sci.muni.cz ; 2 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic. chlapek@sci.muni.cz ; 3 Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic. slavikova@sci.muni.cz ; 4 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic. slavikova@sci.muni.cz ; 5 Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic. mazanek.pavel@fnbrno.cz ; 6 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic. sterba.jaroslav@fnbrno.cz ; 7 Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic. sterba.jaroslav@fnbrno.cz ; 8 Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic. veselska@sci.muni.cz ; 9 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic. veselska@sci.muni.cz ; 10 Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic. veselska@sci.muni.cz review and summarize the most common changes in retinoid metabolism and action that may affect the sensitivity of a tumour cell to treatment with retinoids
Background
Retinoids represent a popular group of differentiation inducers that are successfully used in oncology for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in adults and of neuroblastoma in children.
Methodology
The therapeutic potential of retinoids is based on their key role in the regulation of cell differentiation, growth, and apoptosis, which provides a basis for their use both in cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Nevertheless, patients treated with retinoids often exhibit or develop resistance to this therapy. Although resistance to retinoids is commonly categorized as either acquired or intrinsic, resistance as a single phenotypic feature is usually based on the same mechanisms that are closely related or combined in both of these types.
Results
In this review, we summarize the most common changes in retinoid metabolism and action that may affect the sensitivity of a tumour cell to treatment with retinoids. The availability of retinoids can be regulated by alterations in retinol metabolism or in retinoid intracellular transport, by degradation of retinoids or by their efflux from the cell.
Conclusion
Retinoid effects on gene expression can be regulated via retinoid receptors or via other molecules in the transcriptional complex. Finally, the role of small-molecular-weight inhibitors of altered cell signaling pathways in overcoming the resistance to retinoids is also suggested.
References
Petr Chlapek 1 2 , Viera Slavikova 3 4 , Pavel Mazanek 5 , Jaroslav Sterba 6 7 , Renata Veselska 8 9 10. Why Differentiation Therapy Sometimes Fails: Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Retinoids; Int J Mol Sci.;19(1):132. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010132. Jan 3
